面试官：扫码登录时手机是如何把登录态“传”给电脑的？

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2026-07-09 05:40:42 网络安全文章 来源：ZONE.CI 全球网 0 阅读模式

文章总结： 本文详细解析了扫码登录的两种核心场景：同平台登录（如PC端登录）和第三方平台登录（如用账号A登录应用B）。同平台场景下，PC端通过服务端获取含ticket的二维码，手机扫码确认后服务端返回sessionid完成登录。第三方场景基于OAuth2.0协议，通过授权码和accesstoken实现安全授权，确保用户密码不泄露。文章强调二维码仅作为信息载体，真正验证在服务端完成，并对比了两种场景的协议差异。 综合评分： 88 文章分类： WEB安全,安全开发,安全建设,解决方案,实战经验

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面试官：扫码登录时手机是如何把登录态“传”给电脑的？

Ray Ray

Ray.s Sandbox

2026年7月7日 18:30 湖北

在小说阅读器读本章

去阅读

一、背景

扫码登录的核心思想：

PC端：我需要登录，请验证我的身份
        ↓
手机端：我是这个账号的主人，我确认
        ↓
服务端：验证通过，允许登录

二维码只是传递信息的载体，真正完成验证的是服务端。

扫码登录分为两种场景：

| 场景 | 例子 | 协议 | | — | — | — | | 同平台 | PC端登录 | 自定义协议 | | 第三方平台 | 用账号A登录应用B（如登录游戏、登录小程序） | OAuth 2.0 |

二、同平台扫码登录

2.1 什么是同平台

PC端和手机端是同一个服务的两个客户端，服务端也是同一个。

PC端 ────→ 服务端 ←──── 手机端

2.2 完整流程

┌─────────┐                    ┌─────────┐                    ┌─────────┐
│  PC端   │                    │  服务端  │                    │  手机端  │
└────┬────┘                    └────┬────┘                    └────┬────┘
     │                              │                              │
     │ 1.请求生成二维码             │                              │
     │ ─────────────────────────>   │                              │
     │                              │                              │
     │ 2.返回二维码(含ticket)       │                              │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ <───────────────────────── &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ 3.显示二维码 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ 4.轮询等待扫码结果 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ ─────────────────────────> &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; 5.手机扫码获取ticket &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ <───────────────────────── &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; 6.手机确认登录 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ <───────────────────────── &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ 7.轮询返回session_id &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ <───────────────────────── &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│

2.3 分步解析

Step 1-2：生成二维码

PC端向服务端请求生成二维码，服务端返回一个包含 ticket 的 URL：

GET /api/qrcode/generate
Response: {
&nbsp;&nbsp;"ticket":&nbsp;"abc123def456",
&nbsp;&nbsp;"url":&nbsp;"https://login.example.com/qr?ticket=abc123def456"
}

ticket 是一个随机字符串，用于标识这次扫码请求。

Step 3：显示二维码

PC端将这个 URL 编码成二维码图片显示给用户。

Step 4：轮询状态

PC端不断向服务端查询这个 ticket 的状态：

GET /api/qrcode/status?ticket=abc123def456

返回状态：
- pending: 等待扫码
- scanned: 已扫码，等待确认
- confirmed: 已确认，登录成功
- expired: 二维码已过期

Step 5-6：手机扫码确认

手机端扫描二维码，获取 ticket，向服务端发送确认请求：

POST /api/qrcode/confirm
Body: {
&nbsp;&nbsp;"ticket":&nbsp;"abc123def456",
&nbsp;&nbsp;"user_token":&nbsp;"手机端当前的登录态"
}

服务端验证：

  • ticket 是否有效？
  • 手机端的登录态是否有效？

Step 7：返回登录凭证

服务端生成一个 session_id，返回给PC端：

Response: {
&nbsp;&nbsp;"status":&nbsp;"confirmed",
&nbsp;&nbsp;"session_id":&nbsp;"xyz789"
}

PC端拿到 session_id，登录完成。

三、OAuth 的原理

3.1 为什么需要 OAuth

当两个不同的服务需要共享身份认证时，不能直接传递密码，需要一个标准化的授权协议。

OAuth 解决的问题：

| 问题 | 说明 | | — | — | | 身份隔离 | 第三方不能获取用户密码 | | 权限控制 | 只能获取用户授权的信息 | | 安全边界 | 一方出问题不影响另一方 |

3.2 OAuth 核心概念

| 概念 | 说明 | | — | — | | Resource Owner | 用户本人 | | Client | 第三方应用 | | Authorization Server | 授权服务器 | | Resource Server | 资源服务器 | | Authorization Code | 临时授权凭证 | | Access Token | 访问令牌，用于获取资源 |

3.3 标准流程

┌─────────┐ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;┌─────────┐ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;┌─────────┐
│ &nbsp;Client │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ Auth &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ Resource│
│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ Server &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ Owner &nbsp; │
└────┬────┘ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;└────┬────┘ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;└────┬────┘
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ 1.请求授权 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ ───────────────> &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ 2.询问用户是否授权 &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ ───────────────> &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ 3.用户确认授权 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ <─────────────── &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ 4.返回授权码 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ <─────────────── &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ 5.用授权码换token &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ ───────────────> &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ 6.返回access_token│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ <─────────────── &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ 7.用token获取资源 &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ ──────────────────────────────────> &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ 8.返回资源 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ <────────────────────────────────── &nbsp; │

3.4 授权码的作用

授权码是一个临时凭证，用于换取 access_token：

Client → Auth Server:&nbsp;"用户授权了，给我access_token"
Auth Server → Client:&nbsp;"这是access_token，有效期7天"

为什么需要授权码，而不是直接给 token？ title: “扫码登录的原理” date: “2025-07-07”

| 直接给token | 先给授权码 | | — | — | | token暴露在前端 | token只在后端传递 | | 容易被截获 | 更安全 | | 无法撤销 | 可以撤销授权 |

3.5 Access Token 详解

| 属性 | 说明 | | — | — | | 本质 | 一个临时的字符串凭证 | | 作用 | 证明”用户授权了我”，可以用它调用API | | 有效期 | 通常7天，过期需要刷新 | | 权限范围 | 只能获取用户授权的信息 |

没有 access_token：
&nbsp; 第三方应用 → 授权服务器：把用户密码给我
&nbsp; 授权服务器 → 第三方应用：不行，太危险

有 access_token：
&nbsp; 第三方应用 → 授权服务器：这是用户给我的授权码
&nbsp; 授权服务器 → 第三方应用：好的，这是用户的标识

四、第三方平台扫码登录

4.1 什么是第三方平台

PC端（或应用）和手机端属于不同的服务，需要借助第三方的身份验证。

应用B客户端 ──→ 应用B服务端 ──→ 账号A的OAuth服务端 ←── 账号A手机端

4.2 完整流程

┌─────────┐ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;┌─────────┐ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;┌─────────┐ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;┌─────────┐
│ 应用B &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ B服务端 &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ A的OAuth │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ A手机端 &nbsp;│
│ 客户端 &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
└────┬────┘ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;└────┬────┘ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;└────┬────┘ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;└────┬────┘
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ 1.点击"账号A登录"&nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ ──────────────> &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ 2.申请授权二维码 &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ ───────────────> &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ 3.返回二维码URL &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp;+ session_key &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ <─────────────── &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ 4.显示二维码 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ <───────────── &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ 5.轮询扫码状态 &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ ───────────────> &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; 6.手机扫码 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ <────────────── &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; 7.手机确认 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ <────────────── &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ 8.轮询返回已确认 &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp;+ auth_code &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ <─────────────── &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ 9.用code换token &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ ───────────────> &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ 10.返回access_token│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ <─────────────── &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ 11.获取用户信息 &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ ───────────────> &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ 12.返回用户标识 &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ <─────────────── &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ 13.登录成功 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;│ <───────────── &nbsp; &nbsp;│ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; │

4.3 分步解析

Step 1-4：发起授权请求

应用B客户端向自己的服务端发起请求，服务端向账号A的OAuth申请授权二维码。

GET https://auth.accountA.com/oauth/authorize?
&nbsp; client_id=应用B的AppID&
&nbsp; redirect_uri=https://appB.com/callback&
&nbsp; response_type=code&
&nbsp; state=随机字符串

Step 5-8：扫码确认

应用B服务端拿着 session_key 轮询账号A的OAuth状态接口：

GET https://auth.accountA.com/oauth/status?session_key=xxx

返回状态：
- pending: 等待扫码
- scanned: 已扫码，等待确认
- confirmed: 已确认，返回authorization_code

用户扫码确认后，账号A的OAuth返回一个 authorization_code。

Step 9-10：换取 Access Token

应用B服务端用 authorization_code 换取 access_token：

POST https://auth.accountA.com/oauth/access_token
Body: {
&nbsp;&nbsp;"client_id":&nbsp;"应用B的AppID",
&nbsp;&nbsp;"client_secret":&nbsp;"应用B的密钥",
&nbsp;&nbsp;"code":&nbsp;"authorization_code",
&nbsp;&nbsp;"grant_type":&nbsp;"authorization_code"
}

Response: {
&nbsp;&nbsp;"access_token":&nbsp;"xxx",
&nbsp;&nbsp;"expires_in": 7776000
}

Step 11-12：获取用户信息

应用B用 access_token 获取用户的标识：

GET https://api.accountA.com/oauth/me?access_token=xxx

Response: {
&nbsp;&nbsp;"user_id":&nbsp;"用户唯一标识",
&nbsp;&nbsp;"nickname":&nbsp;"用户昵称"
}

Step 13：登录完成

应用B用自己的服务端，根据用户标识创建/关联账号，签发应用内的 session。

免责声明：

本文所载程序、技术方法仅面向合法合规的安全研究与教学场景，旨在提升网络安全防护能力，具有明确的技术研究属性。

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本文转载自：Ray.s Sandbox Ray Ray《面试官：扫码登录时手机是如何把登录态“传”给电脑的？》

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